Wild Lettuce (Lactuca virosa) & Prickly and similar items

~ Wild Lettuce ~ Wild Lettuce (Lactuca virosa) is grown medicinally for the milky white sap that oozes from the plant when cut or broken. ~ Medical Use of Wild Lettuce ~ The whole plant is rich in a milky sap that flows freely from any wounds. This hardens and dries when in contact with the air. The sap contains "lactucarium", which is used in medicine for its anodyne, antispasmodic, digestive, diuretic, hypnotic and sedative properties. Lactucarium has the effects, but without its tendency to cause digestive upsets. It is taken internally in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety, neuroses, hyperactivity in children, dry coughs, whooping cough, rheumatic pain etc. Concentrations of lactucarium are low in young plants and most concentrated when the plant comes into flower. It is collected commercially by cutting the heads of the plants and scraping the juice into china vessels several times a day until the plant is exhausted. This species contains more lactucarium then any other Lactuca species. An infusion of the fresh or dried flowering plant can also be used. The plant should be used with caution, and never without the supervision of a skilled practitioner. ~ Propagation of Wild Lettuce ~ Scatter seeds on moist soil, and press them lightly into the soil. Just barely cover the seed as Lactuca needs sunlight to germinate. Germination takes 5 days to two weeks. Transplant seedlings to rich, moist soil and full sun, spacing them 2 ft apart. Wild Lettuce is a biennial, which means in the first year it will make a rosette of leaves, and in the second year the flower stalk(s) will shoot up in early to mid summer to 4-6ft and produce seeds in late summer/early fall. If you're lucky, it will make seeds the first year. Wild Lettuce is hardy to zone 6 (-10F/-23C). ~ Prickly Lettuce ~ ~ Medicinal use of Prickly Lettuce ~ Like Wild Lettuce, this whole plant is rich in a milky sap that flows freely from any wounds. The sap contains "lactucarium", which has many medicinal uses. This species does not contain as much lactucarium as L. virosa. ~ Propagation of Prickly Lettuce ~ Seed - sow spring in situ and only just cover the seed. Germination is usually fairly quick.